How Does Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Affect Credit
It amazes me every time I hear someone with high debt ponder the effect of bankruptcy on a credit report What good is A-1 credit if you are drowning in debt? It is nothing more than a total denial of the debt situation For example, since the credit rating is good, some believe that the debt load is under control However, those persons are not looking at the big picture Debt is still debt despite a good credit rating or credit score In fact, someone carrying high debt is less likely to receive future credit than one who clears the table and starts over Eventually, the one who starts over is better off . .It is true that a Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing stays on a credit report for ten years However, that person can receive future credit long before that ten year period has expired In fact, credit can be obtained within six months to two years after filing bankruptcy I have received feedback from hundreds of prior chapter seven filers who were receiving credit solicitations before their case had even gone to discharge Although those recent offers were likely bad deals, the offers still were made As more time passes from the filing until the attempt at credit, the better the credit offer will be It also factors on whether the person has good income and no negative credit since their bankruptcy filing To think that one would not have an offer of credit for ten years is simply wrong .
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Basic Information About Bankruptcy
How will Filing for Bankruptcy Affect my Credit? . .Bankruptcy is a life changing event in any person’s life, with long lasting consequence For example, a record of the bankruptcy will appear in the Public Records section of your consumer credit report for the next ten years Having said that, however, consumers can and do seek and obtain credit after going through bankruptcy . .What Information will be on my Credit Reports? . .In addition to the public record of the bankruptcy, each of your creditors that were included in the bankruptcy will update your account to reflect the bankruptcy The exact information reported will vary based upon the history of the account at the time the bankruptcy is filed In general, most accounts should be reported as “Included in Bankruptcy ” Some may refer to the specific type of bankruptcy with remarks such as “Chapter 7″ or “Wage earner repayment plan ” . .After bankruptcy, the balance, current payment, and amount past due should all reflect zero dollars However, if you were late on your bills before your bankruptcy was filed, those notations may or may not appear on your credit reports The last part of this article discusses how to dispute false information on your credit reports after bankruptcy . .Will I be Able to Get Credit after Bankruptcy? . .For the majority of consumers that file for bankruptcy and either obtain a discharge (Chapter 7) or complete their repayment plan (Chapter 13), the answer is “Yes” It is likely that credit will be more costly than prior to bankruptcy, which may be reflected in higher interest rates, security deposits, or lower amounts of credit offered The two most important factors in being able to obtain credit after bankruptcy are 1) paying all of your bills on time after bankruptcy; and 2) the length of time that passes after your bankruptcy Obviously, you have control over the former, but not the latter Consumers can rebuild their credit after bankruptcy by using low limit or secured credit card accounts, and conscientiously paying them off each and every month . .How to Dispute False Credit Reports after Bankruptcy . .As noted above, post-bankruptcy credit reports should show discharged accounts as “Included in Bankruptcy” with a zero balance and zero past due Often these accounts are reported inaccurately, or have not been updated with the correct information Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, consumers have the right to dispute false or incomplete information in their credit reports . .First, get a copy of your credit report Consumers can request their free annual credit report by writing to Annual Credit Report Request Service, P O Box 105281, Atlanta, GA 30348-5281 The request form is available at the annualcreditreport com website . .Next, send a written dispute letter to the credit reporting agencies Tell them that you filed for bankruptcy, and give them the bankruptcy court case number List the specific accounts and account numbers which were discharged Send your letter via certified mail, with a return receipt requested Keep a copy of your signed, dated letter, along with copies of enclosures . .If you cannot get false information deleted from your credit report, you may want to talk to a consumer protection attorney about your rights under the Fair Credit Reporting Act .
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Shouldn t you be able to discharge your student loans in a bankruptcy?
Many students today leave college and graduate schools with mounting bills before they ever commence their employment life. In many cases these student loans can amount to an excess of $200,000. The monthly payments new graduates face can be as significant as $1,200 per month. Couple that payment with the uncertainty of the US and world economy and the situation truly appears to be grim. Many of today s young professionals and working class amass large unsecured debt through credit card purchases just to get by. They do not earn even as much money as the median person in their state. Many have purchased homes with current fair market values worth many thousands of dollars less then their mortgages, and in many cases fall behind on their payments. What are their options negotiate with their creditors? If these debtors can not afford to commit to the massive payments, then negotiation is not an option. Their only true salvation is a chapter 7 bankruptcy. The debtors certainly can get some relief from filing for bankruptcy. If they have incurred massive credit card debt, medical bills, or even judgments for failure to pay debts, those all can be wiped out as unsecured debt. If they can not afford their home, they can always walk away from it. Even if the bank can not recoup their money and obtains a deficiency judgment against the debtor, that judgment is not secured as the mortgage was, it can also be stripped. However, many young debtors largest concern and most significant payment comes in the form of their student loan. What happens to that debt? Currently, a student loan is not secured in any collateral, but it is considered a priority debt, and can not be wiped out quite so easily. In order for a debt to be discharged, it first must be classified as a consumer debt. The debt must have been incurred for a personal, household or family purpose. For example, most courts have held that taxes are not consumer debts within the meaning of the Bankruptcy Code. Debts incurred in the production of income are generally not considered consumer debts. Compass Bank v. Meyer (In re Meyer), 296 B.R. 849 (2003). Other courts, including two courts of appeals, have adopted the ”profit motive” test. Baskin v. G. Fox and Co., 550 F. Supp. 64 (D. Conn. 1982). Under this test, a debt is not a consumer debt if it ”was incurred with an eye toward profit.” In re Booth, 858 F.2d 1051, 1055, (5th Cir. 1988). If a debt is incurred partly for business purposes and partly for personal, family or household purposes, the term ”primarily” in the definition suggests that whether the debt is a ”consumer debt” should depend upon which purpose predominates. Presumably, this determination would normally turn on the purpose for which most of the funds were obtained. In re Booth. Under this test, courts have concluded that student loans may or may not be consumer debts, depending in part on the motivation for obtaining them. In re Stewart, 175 F.3d 796 (B.A.P. 10th Cir. 1997). The court held a student loan classification depends on facts; in the case, classification of a portion of medical school loans as consumer debt was not erroneous. If a court determines that a student loan is a consumer debt, which in and of itself still will not provide grounds to discharge the loan. A court must find pursuant to Section 523(a)(8) of the US Bankruptcy Code, that the student loan qualifies as an undue hardship which allows the court to discharge an otherwise nondischargeable priority debt if excluding the debt from discharge will necessitate an undue hardship on the debtor or the debtor’s dependents. Such a judicial decision is discretionary with the bankruptcy judge in determining whether payment of the debt will cause undue hardship on the debtor, thus defeating the ”fresh start” concept of the bankruptcy laws. The most widely used test for evaluating the dischargeability of a student loan under section 523(a)(8) states that the debt is dischargeable if three conditions are met: 1. The debtor cannot maintain, based on current income and expenses, a ”minimal” standard of living if forced to repay the loans; 2. There are indications that the state of affairs is likely to persist for a significant portion of the repayment period; and 3. The debtor made good faith efforts to repay the loans. Brunner v. New York State Higher Educ. Servs. Corp., 831 F.2d 395 (2d Cir. 1987) The Supreme Court has stated that section 523(a)(8) is ‘’self-executing” and that ”[u]nless the debtor affirmatively secures a hardship determination, the discharge order will not include a student loan debt.” Tennessee Student Assistance Corp. v. Hood, 541 U.S. 440 (2004). In other words, student loan debt remains due until there is a determination that the loan is dischargeable. Underwood v. United Student Aid Funds, Inc. (In re Underwood), 299 B.R. 471 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 2003). To demonstrate the current criteria used by the Bankruptcy court to discharge a student loan, the district of Massachusetts has set a high bar. The debtor was a 32 year old unmarried woman who suffered from relapsing, recurring Multiple Sclerosis. The debtor’s currently monthly income totaled $ 1101. The court found that the debtor’s minimum expenses exceed her income. The debtor would have to give up her telephone and her gas money to become even marginally solvent. The court also found that the debtor had made Herculean efforts to both find work of a type she could perform and actually work despite facing daunting physical obstacles. Finally, the court found that the debtor’s current condition, which had worsened since she first became symptomatic, would continue to impair her ability to find employment that would improve her financial status. The court reasoned in part that it had been able to observe many of the debtor’s symptoms first-hand. Denittis v. Educ. Credit Mgmt. Corp. (In re Denittis), 362 B.R. 57 (First Circuit for the District of Massachusetts 2007). As a further example of how precarious a debtor s situation must be, the same court as above denied the debtor s motion to discharge her student loan. The court held the educational loans were not dischargeable under 11 U.S.C.S. 523(a)(8) because the debtor’s prospects for increasing income over time were promising and, by slightly cutting her expenses, she could make the minimal payments towards her student loan obligations under the Income Contingent Repayment Plan. Brunell v. Citibank (SD) N.A. (In re Brunell), 356 B.R. 567 (1st Circuit, 2006).The forgoing article on bankruptcy relief from student loans was drafted by Attorney Michael Goldstein, a <a href="http://www.goldsteinandclegglaw.com/bankruptcy_blog">Massachusetts Bankruptcy Attorney</a>.
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